Heating apparatus.



Ho. 634,126. I Ptented Oui. 3, |899. v W. R. ADDICKS.'

' HEATING APPARATUS. (Appliusion mad age, 12, 139s.)

me mums )Trias m, Mmmm., wlsmucrw. D. c;

v-ivrlD "STATES PATENT Fries,

l/VALTER R. ADDIGKS, OF 'BROOKLINR MASSACHUSETTS.

HEATING APPARATUS.

l. srncrrrcnrron forming garter Letters Patent No, @suedasien october 3, 189e.

Applicant het septemie'r1a1s9s2- sentirci. 605,629. cromati.) i

T0 a/ZZ whom t may concern:

residing in Brookline, county of Norfolk, and

provement in Heating Apparatus, of which the following description, in connection withl the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters and figures on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention relates to aheatingappa;

ratus especially designed and adaptedv for l obtaining a high heat from the combustion of gases, whereby the said apparatus is particularly well adapted for' the manufacture or production of metallic carbids employed in the manufacture of acetylene gas.

In accordance with this invention theap-l paratus eonsists,essentially,of a gas producer or generator, a converting or reducing chamber, in which is placedY the materials or ingredients for forming the carbid, usually lime or calcium carbonate and coke or other carbonaceous material, and which chamber is connected with the gas'fproducer for the admission of gases employed in heating the materials to form or preparatory to forming` the carbids, a chamber for heating the airblast admitted into the converting or reducing chamber, and au oil-heater connected' to the converting or reducing chamber forsupplying oil thereto. The converting or reducing chamber may and preferably will be provided with suitable electrodes, which are connected to a dynamo or curren t-generator, which for the best results is driven by an engine operatedvby steam from a boiler, connected to the heating apparatus, as will -be desoribed,for utilizing the waste gases in generating steam, the said boiler being also preferably connected with the gas producer `,or

generator for the production of water-gas therein, as will be described. To enable the carbids to be produced at a minimumrc'ostr and in a substantially continuous manner, I`

' :ia'ldl'so'that'one pair or set of blast and oil bheatersfmay. be heated by waste gases' while the otherset is being used to heat air and oil,l as willbe described. -These and other features of this invention will be pointed out in the claims atthe en d of this specification.

Figure l represents in side elevation a heating apparatus embodying this invention; Fig. 2, atop or plan View of the apparatus sectional details, to be referred to.

AYReferring to the drawings, A represents a 'gas generator or producer which may be of any suitableor desired construction and preferably provided at the' opposite ends of the "fuel therein with air or blast inlet pipes a a', 1`(see' `ig.V A3,) fsteam'inlet pipes CL2 a3, and gasoutlet pipesfctittr, the blast-pipes c a being provided with valves as a7, the steam-inlet pipes with valves as a, and the gas-outlet pipes with valves am ou, substantially as shownand described in United States Patent No. 575,625, granted to me January 19, 1897.V

The gas 1 producer or generator A in ac- Y'cordance with this invention has its gas-outlet pipes a4 co5 connected to preferablytwo chambers B B' of any suitable construction capable of withstanding high temperatures, 'and' in the present instance the gas-outlet pipes a4 a5 are represented as connected by a commonA outlet-pipe cl3 (shown as a continuation of the pipe d5) to branch pipes d,14 0,15, leading, respectively, to the chambers B B and preferably communicating with the lower ends of the same, the pipes a L15 being provided with suitable Valves aw a, controlling the admission of the gases from the producer or generator A into the chambers B B'. The chambers'B B', l prefer to designate 4as the Iconverting or reducing chambers, in which are placed the materials to be heated and reduced,which materials may be supposed to be calcium carbonate and coke or other carbonaceous material. The chambers BB in practice will be provided with suitable inlets for the material, and preferably with suitable grate-bars 30. (See Fig. 4.) The reducing-chambers B B are provided with gasoutlet pipes d20 0,21, herein represented as located near the top or upper end of the said chambers and which are preferably connect-- ed, as will be described, to two sets or pairs shownin Fig. 1'; and Figs. 3 to 6, inclusive,

ICO

- vided with the valve L21.

of heaters or chambers C C1 D D'. The chambers or heaters C C', I prefer to designate as the air-blast heaters and the chambers D D as the oil-heaters.

The blast-heaters C C and the oil-heaters D D may be of any suitable construction and preferably contain refractory bafiing material, such as a checker-Work of {ire-brick. (See Figs. 5 and (j.) The blast and oil heaters are designed to Work in pairs-that is, the blast-heater C and the oil-heater D Work together or at the same time, as Will be described, and the blast-heater C' and the oilheater D Work together-and, further, both pairs Work with either reducing-chamber B or B, as will be described. L

The blast and oil heaters C C D D are connected to the gas-outlet pipes L20 L21 for the passage through them of the Waste gases, and this connection may and preferably will be effected in a manner as Will now be described.

The gas-outlet pipe`LL20 for the reducingchamber B is connected to the air-blast heater C near its upper end by the pipe 0,22, provided with the valve L20, and the said gasoutlet pipe L20 is also connected to the airblast heater C by the pipe L21, provided With the valve c25.' The gas-outlet pipe L20 is connected with the oil-heater D by means of a pipe L20, herein shown as connected to the pipe L22, (see Fig. 2,) the pipe @L20 being pro- The gas-outlet pipe L20 is also connected to the oil-heater D by the pipe d20', herein shown as connected to the pipe L2'1, the pipe L25 being provided with the valve L20. reducing-chamber B' is connected in a similar manner to the blast and oil heaters, it being shown as connected to the air-blast heaters O C by the pipes L00 L01, respectively, provided with the valves L02 L00, the pipes L20 L51 being connected to the oil-heaters D D' by the pipes L01 w05, provided, respectively, with the valves L00 L01. The pipe connection from the gas-outlet pipes L20 L21 is made, as herein represented, at or near the top of the blast and oil heaters. The blast and oil heaters are provided at or near their bottom with gasoutlet pipes, as Will now be described.

Referring to Fig. 2, the blast-heater C is provided at or near its bottom with two outlet-pipes L10 L11 for the Waste gases, provided With valves L12 L15, the said gas-outlet pipes L10 L11 having connected to them gas-outlet pipes L12 L13 for the blast-heater C, the pipes L12 LL12 being provided with the valves L11 L01.' The gas-outlet pipes L10 L11 are further connected 'With the oil-heaters D D by gas-outlet pipes for the said heaters, the oil-heater D being provided with the gas-outlet pipes LL50 L51, connected, respectively, with the gas-outlet pipes L10 L11 and provided with the valves L52 d50, the gas-outlet pipes L10 L11 being connected with the oil-heater D by the gas-outlet pipes L51 L55, provided with the valves L50 L57. The gas-outlet pipes L10 L11 preferably communicate with the lower end or fire-box The gas-outlet pipe L21 for the L00 of a boiler L01, which may be of any suit-` able or usual type and herein shown as an upright tubular boiler, the pipes L10 L11 being provided near the boiler with valves L02 LL05, and the pipes L10 L11, intermediate of the boiler 0,01-, and the gas-outlet pipes L51 L55 for the oil heater D' preferably i,communicate with stacks or chimneys L04 L05, having their upper ends normally closed by suitable valves, represented as provided With operating-levers L00 L01. A

In order to simplify the drawings,'the stacks or chimneys L01 L05 are represented as vertical pipes. The air-blast heaters C C and the oilheaters D D are respectively provided with air-blast-admission pipes 2 3 4 5, provided with valves 6 7 8 9 and communicating with a common or main air-supply pipe 10, constituting the outlet for a blower 12 of any suitable or desired construction, the air-outlet pipe 10 having connected to it the air-inlet pipe L for the generator or producer A and being also connected, as shown,- to the irebox L00 of the boiler L01 by the pipe 13, provided With the valve 14.

The blast-heaters C C are provided at or near their bottom with air-blast-outlet pipes Z2 Z2', (represented in the drawings as communicating with the bottom of the said heaters, at the 'center thereof,) the said pipes being provided with valves Z22 Z23 (see Fig. 1) and the pipe Z2 being represented as connected With the pipe Z2', which latter is extended by the pipe Z2 and connected bythe branch pipes Z21 b5 with the bottom of the reducing-chambers B B, respectively, the said branch pipes being provided, as herein represented, with valves'Z20 b1. The oil-heaters D D are provided With oil-inlet pipes bs Z211, provided with valves Z210 Z212 and which in practice communicate with a suitable source of supply for the oil and not herein shown, and the said oilheaters are also provided with oil-outlet pipes Z215 Z211, provided with valves Z215 Z210, the oiloutlet pipe Z211 being represented as extended beyond the pipe Z213 and communicating With branch pipes Z217 Z210, leadinginto the reducingchambers B B, preferably near their bottom, as herein shown, thebranch pipes Z211 Z21S being provided with valves Z210 Z220. The steampipe L2 communicates with the steam-space of the boiler L01, the said pipe being shown as provided near the boiler with a valve Z222. The boiler L01 may have communicating with it a feed-Water heater Z220.

In operation the blast-heater C and the oilheater D .are employed in conjunction with one another and with either reducing-chambei', and the blast-heater C' and the oil-heater D' are also used in conjunction with one another and with either reducing chamber. \Vhen one reducing-chamber, as B, is being employed in manufacturing the calcium carbid, the other chamber, as B', at such time is idle and is being charged With the materials from which the carbid is made, and When the chamber B is in operation the air-blast is IIO IZO

heated by its passage through the heater C and passes into the reducing-chamber B,While the oil supplied to the reducing-.chamber B is heated on its passage through the oil-heater D. While the reducing-chamber B is in use, the blast-heater C and the oil-heater D are being heated by the Waste gases which pass o' from the said chamber. The materials in the chambers B B are subjected to the heat of the gases evolved or generated in the producer A, which gases may and preferably will be a mixture of water-gas ,and blast-gases, created by the admission of Vsteam and air into the producer A, which .contains coal or other combustible fuel. The generator or producer A is provided with blast and steam pipes and With gas-outlet pipes at the opposite ends of the fuel therein for the passage of the blast and steam in opposite directions through the fuel and for the-escape of the gases thus produced into the active reducingchamber, which may be supposed to be the chamber B. The gases from the producer admitted into the chamber B pass through the materials therein, raising the 'temperature of the same to a high heat, which may be increased by the admission of the heated oil, which is in a more or less gaseous state, and also by the admission of the heated airblast. The materials in the chamber B are thus highly heated and the reduction promoted, and the gases from the chamber B,

which are highly heated, pass out from said chamber through the pipes a2. w24 c25, the valves c25 m29 being open, into the blast-heater C' and oilheater D', Where they may meet an air-blast admitted from the supply-pipe l0 by the pipes 3 5, the valves `7 9 being open.

The air-,blast admitted into the heaters C' D' eects the complete combustion of the Waste gases from the carbid-chamber B, thereby highly heating the interior kof these heaters, and the unconsumed or Waste gases pass out from the heaters C' D by the pipes @52 a5", the valves a c55 being open, into the pipe a4, from whence they may pass up through the stack a5* to the atmosphere, or, preferably,

they may pass into the fire-box a5 of the boiler w51, Where they meet a further supply of air admitted into the irc-box through the pipe 13,v the valve 14 being open. The gases after passing through the boiler L51 and feed- Water heater 623 pass out to the atmosphere.

From the above description it will be seen that whiiethe chamber B is in active operation and the charge therein is being reduced rinto the form of a metallic carbid the airblast supplied to the chamber B is highly heated on its passage through the air-blast heater C, and the oilsupplied to the chamber `B is also highly heated on its passage through the oil-heaterD,and itwillfurther be seen that while the reducing-chamber B is in use the blast-heater C and the oil-heater D are having their temperatures raised by the combustion of the waste gases from the said charnber. After the materials in the reducing` chamber B have been subjected for a given time to the heat produced by the combustion of the gases admitted into the said chamber from the producer A and of the oil admitted therein from the oil-heater D the chamberB is disconnected from the producer A, the

blast-heater C and the oil-heater D are cut off from the chamber B, While the blastvheater C and the oil-heater D' are out off from the outlet-pipe d20 of the chamber B and are connected with the reducing-chamber B', and the air-blast pipe 5 is cut off from the oilheater D by closing the valve 9. In this case the reducing-chamber B is inactive, and the carbid formed therein may be removed therefrom, while the heaters C and D are connected, respectively, With the air-blast pipe l0 and with the gaps-outlet pipe am for the reducingchamber B', the gas-outlet pipes a ct51 for the heaters C and D being open and communicating With the boiler.

When the'apparatusis in the condition just described, the gases from the producer A pass into the reducing-chamber B', where they meet the highlyheated air-blast admitted through-the pipe b5, the valve t7 being open, and also the oi-ls supplied to the chamber B' through the pipe Z318, the valve h2o being open, the gases passing out from the reducingchamber B through the pipe L21 and into the heaters G and D, through the pipes a3 @34, the valves cs2 L35 being open, the said gases on their passage through the heaters O and D having cominingled With them the air admitted through the pipes 2 and 4, the valves 6 8 being open, which air combines with the gases in the heaters C and D and raises the temperature of the same, the Waste gases from the said heaters passing out through the pipes @41 Q51, the valves @43 L53 being open, to the nre-box a5@ of the boiler a or, it may be, to the stack (2,55. v

It will be understood that the valves located in the various pipe connections vvill be opened and closed to suit the conditions of the apparatus. rectiou of the run through the producerA is from the bottom toward the top of the same the air-blast valve a7 is closed and the air- For instance, when the di` TOO IIO

blastvalve a5is open, the steam-valve a is closed, the steam-valve a8 open, and the gasoutletA pipe ce1 is closed, WhileA the gas-outlet valve a?? is open. Then the course of the air-blast and steam is in the opposite direction-namely, down through the bed offuel of the producer A-the valves a5, a8, and L12 are closed and the valves o'f", a9, and al@ are opened. When the reducing-chamberB is in service and the reducing-chamber B' is idle, the condition of the valves controlling the said reducing-chambers andtheir coperating heaters is as follows, namely: The valve al@ in the gas-inlet pipe dit for the reducing-chamber B is open, and the valve a in the gas-inlet pipe G15 for the reducingchamber B'is closed.

With the heater B in service theheaters C and D are connected therewith, as described, and as the gases passing out from the reducing-chamber IS through the pipe CL2@ do not pass through the heaters C and D the valves @23 @27 in the gas-inlet pipes w22 uw for the heaters C and D are closed, it being understood that the heaters G and D have been previously raised to a temperature sufiicient to heat the air-blast which is admitted into the chamber C through the pipe 2, the valve t beingl open, and which heated air-blast passes out from the heater C through the pipe b, the valve b2 being open, through the pipe b4 into the reducing-chamber B, the valve h6 being open. The oil-heater D having been previously raised to the desired temperature to heat the Oil, the valve 8 in the pipe 4L is closed, and the gas-outlet pipes C040 er d50 C651 for the heaters C and D have their valves 0x12 w13 @52 L53 closed. The valve Z110 in the oit-inlet pipe b3 is at such time open, as is also the valve 515 in the oil-outlet pipe b for the heater D,the valve b1 in the branch pipe b being open. The gases from the reducing-chamber B pass into the blast-heater C and into the oil-heater D' through the gas-inlet pipes @24 w28, the valves L25 0,29 in said pipes being.open, while `the valves L33 @37 in the gas-inlet pipes C031 m35 for said heaters are closed, and the air-blast pipes 8 and 5 at such time supply air to the heaters C D, the valves 7 and 9 in the pipes and 5 being open. The gas-outlet pipes @72 CU for the heaters C and D have their valves a C055 at such time open, while the valves @45 a5? in the gas-outlet pipes L73 @55 for the heaters C D are at such time closed.

When the reducing-chamber B' is in active operation, the heaters C, C', D, and D are connected to said chamber in the manner above described with relation to the chamber B. In the heating-up process for the heaters C and D the valves 6 8 in the airblast pipes 2 4 are open, andthe valves C013 0,53 in the gas-outlet pipes a L51 for the heaters C and D are at such time open, while the gasoutlet p'ipes a4@ d50 for the heaters C D at such time have their valves @42 C1152 closed. When the heaters C' and D are operatively connected with the'reducing-chamber BQ the valves in the gas inlet and outlet pipes for the heaters C and D are at such time closed, while the air-blast valve 7 for the heater C is open and the air-blast valve 9 for the heater D closed, the valve b5 in the outlet-pipe b for the heater C being at such time open, so that thel heated air-blast passes through the pipe b andthe branch pipe b5 to the reducing-chamber B', while the oil admitted into the heater D through the inlet-pipe b9, the valve 1912 in said pipe being open, passes through the pipe 514, the valve b1 being open, and through the branch pipe Z918, the valve Z120 in the branch pipe b1S being open, into the reducing-chamber B.

From the above description it will be seen that the materials in the reducing-chambers B and B may be subjected to various temperaturesaccording to the desire of the op= craterthat is, the material in the chambers B and B may be subjected to the heatl produced by blast-gases alone passing from the producer A, or by water-gases alone generated in the producer A, or by a mixture ot blast and water gases, and, further, to a temperature of pure oil-gas supplied from the oil-heaters D and D', or oil-gas and Water-gas, oil-gas aud blast-gases, or a temperature resulting from the cooperation of all, and each temperature so produced may be raised by the independent heated airblast supplied from the heaters C and C.

' When the heating apparatus herein described is employed in the manufacture ot metallic carbids, a high temperature is required, which may be obtained by bringing the mixture of Water-gas and blast-gases into the chambers B and B in the presence of oil-gases and the independent heated airblast. A temperature resulting from the admixture of air and gasesy just described is deemed sufficiently high to produce metallic carbids; but it' it is desired to subject the materials in the chamber B or B to a still higher temperature this higher temperature may be obtained by means of electricity passed through the highly-heated materials. In the presence instance I have represented the chamber B as provided with electrodes f f and the chamber B with the electrodesfifg, shown as arranged vertically within the chambers B and B at the opposite sides of the same, and the said electrodes are respectively connected by the wires f4 ffj to the positive and negative brushes f8 f of a dynamo flo, which may be 0f any usual or suitable construction and which in practice may be driven from an engine, (not herein shown,) which may be supplied with steam from the boiler am.

I prefer to employ a single producer with two reducing-chambers and their coperating heaters, as such an arrangement enables the carbid to be manufactured in a substantially continuous manner-that is, while one reducing-chamber is in operation the other is being charged and can be brought into active operation as soon as the carbid has been formed in the first chamber; but I do not desire to limit my invention in this respect, as a single reducing-chamber and its coperating heaters may be employed to advantage.

It will be understood that by manipulating the valves in the various pipes connected with the heaters C C D D each pair may be connected with the active reducing-chamber as often as desiredto maintain the heat of the air and oil.

I claiml. In a heating apparatus, the combination of the following instrumentalities, viz: a gasproducer, a reducing-chamber communicating therewith for the admission of the gases generated in the said producer, two sets of ICC IIC

valves andfoommuuicating with said boiler,

air-blast heaters and oil-heaters provided with valve-controlled air and oil inlet pipes,

respectively, a valve-controlled outlet-pipe for the said reducing-chamber connected to said heaters for the admission therein of waste gases, and pipes providedwith valves connecting the said reducing-chamber with said heaters 'for the admission of yair and oil from said heaters into said reducing-cham ber, avboiler, and gas-outlet pipes for the said blast and oil heaters provided with substantially as described. v

2. In a heating apparatus, the combinationv of the following instrumentalities, viz: a gasproducer, a plurality of reducing-chambers communicating therewith for the admission therein of the gases generated in said producer, valves controlling the admission of the gases into said reducing-chambers, a

plurality of air-blast and oil heaters provided with valve-controlled inlet-pipes, valve-'controlled outlet-pipes for said redusing-cham-V bers connected to said heaters for the admis sion of gases therein, valve-controlled air and oil outlet pipes connecting the air and oil heaters respectively with the said reduc-- ing-chambers, and valve-controlled gas-ontlet pipes for said air-blast and oil heaters, substantially as described.

In a heating apparatus', the combination of the following instrumentalities, viz: a gasproducer, a plurality of reducing-chambers communicating therewith for the admission therein of the gases generated in said pro- 35 ducer, valves controlling the admission of the gases into said rednein,gf-chambers, gas-v outlet pipes for said reducing-chambers a plurality of air-blast and oil heaters provided with valved inlet-pipes connected with the 4o gas-outlet pipes ofv the reducing-chambers,

and valve-controlled air and oil outlet pipes connecting said air and oil heaters :respeo-f 

